Cron
InfrastructureWork triggered by the clock.
A scheduled job: nightly cleanup, hourly reindex, the weekly digest. Named after a Unix utility from the 1970s. Fails silently by default, because nobody is waiting for it.
See also Scheduled job, Background job, UTC
Full table scan
Data & DatabasesReading every row to answer one question.
What the database resorts to when no index supports your query. Instant with ten rows, catastrophic with ten million, which is why this problem never appears during development.
See also Index, Query
Index
Data & DatabasesA lookup structure that makes one kind of query fast.
Like the index at the back of a book. Makes lookups on the indexed column fast, does nothing for other columns, costs storage, and slows down writes. Chosen per query pattern, not sprinkled everywhere.
See also Query, N+1, Full table scan
Join
Data & DatabasesAnswering a question that spans two tables.
Matching rows across tables using a key: orders with their customer names attached. Ordinary and fast when the columns involved are indexed, and very slow when they are not.
See also Foreign key, Index, Normalisation
Query
Data & DatabasesA question asked of the database.
A request for data. Cheap when an index supports it, ruinous when it forces a scan of every row. Which questions you ask should be a design decision, not an accident.
See also Index, N+1, Full table scan